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Extracted from Sophora japonica flower, troxerutin is a natural plant-sourced ingredient and is one of the derivatives of the flavonoid rutin. It has better water solubility and better efficacy than rutin. Troxerutin benefits in cosmetics uses include strong absorption effect on blue light, anti-glycosylation ageing, anti-inflammation and soothing, sun protection, photoprotection, DNA protection, improving microcirculation and relieving oedema. Surprisingly, in addition to its photo-protective effect on the skin, it also has a photo-protective effect on the formulation system, the latter of which solves the problem that the actives are easily discolored by the light in the formulation and greatly facilitates the application of the formulation.
Troxerutin mechanism in cosmetics uses
Troxerutin scavenges free radicals and protects cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. It has been found that when cells are exposed to blue light, reactive oxygen radicals are generated in the mitochondria, and these highly reactive oxygen radicals can damage mitochondria and DNA. Troxerutin protects against blue light by absorbing blue light and reducing the damage caused by blue light to cells. For the blue light with lower energy above 450nm, the transmittance rate of troxerutin can be as high as 90% in order to maintain the normal physiological rhythm of the skin.
Figure. Troxerutin mechanism in scavenges free radicals
Troxerutin benefits in DNA protection
The DNA-protective effect of troxerutin was examined using a damaged luciferase reporter vector. Troxerutin had no effect on the luciferase activity of HaCaT cells transfected with undamaged pGL3 vectors, and in HaCaT cells transfected with damaged pGL3 vectors, troxerutin increased the luciferase activity, which demonstrated that troxerutin has a reparative active effect on DNA.
Figure. Troxerutin benefits in DNA protection
Troxerutin also inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells, inhibits MAPK signaling pathway transduction and transcription factor AP-1 (c-Fos and c-Jun). Thus it can act as an anti-photodamage. It protects nHDFs from UV-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by regulating the expression of related miRNAs.
Troxerutin benefits in antiglycosylation
High sugar and high pressure, poor lifestyle habits and excessive light exposure can lead to glycation of the skin, causing wrinkles and fine lines. Glycosylation has also been shown to activate inflammatory pathways throughout the body, exacerbating inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, eczema and rosacea. That’s why it’s important to slow down the skin’s glycation response by protecting it from UV rays and blue light.
Troxerutin’s ability to inhibit early glycosylation of albumin is comparable to that of AGs. Prevention of glycosylation not only reduces glycosylation modification of proteins at an early stage, but also contributes to the reduction of the total AGEs load in the body. The results of the AGEs inhibition assay are shown in below Figure. Troxerutin inhibited AGEs in a dose-dependent way. These results further confirmed the high anti-glycation activity of troxerutin.
Figure. Troxerutin benefits in Antiglycosylation
Troxerutin benefits in anti-oxidation
Factors such as staying up late, light and air pollution can exacerbate the production of ROS in the human body, especially when the skin is exposed to blue light, which is absorbed by the skin and oxidized to induce the formation of ROS. The increase in ROS inhibits the synthesis of new collagen and promotes the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, which degrade collagen fibres in the skin, leading to photo-ageing of the skin. Therefore, it is important to protect your skin from oxidation by protecting it from blue light.
Troxerutin was able to reduce oxygen radical production and exert antioxidant effects. As can be seen from the figure, Troxerutin has a good scavenging ability against DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radicals, nitric oxide radicals and ferric reduction test in a dose-dependent manner.
Figure. Troxerutin benefits in Anti-oxidation
Troxerutin also has anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces redness and pain in the skin and helps repair damaged skin. When the skin is irritated, it produces an inflammatory reaction that leads to increased skin problems. Troxerutin soothes the skin and reduces the occurrence of sensitive reactions. In addition to this, troxerutin has whitening and anti-wrinkle properties. It can inhibit the formation of melanin and reduce the appearance of pigmentation and freckles. At the same time, troxerutin can also stimulate the regeneration of skin cells, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and sagging. These effects can help skin stay young, healthy and beautiful.
In the cosmetic industry, troxerutin is a potent antioxidant with excellent free radical scavenging ability and good antioxidant effects. As one of the derivatives of rutin, Troxerutin not only inherits the bioactivity of rutin, but also its water solubility is better than that of rutin, which makes it easy to be formulated into cosmetics. As a cosmetic raw material, troxerutin is also widely used in sunscreen cosmetics.
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